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Hungerford has developed from its earliest origins as a market town supplying the needs of the residents of the town and the local villages.
Between 1600 and 1800 there was quite a major change in the type of trades and industry practised in the local area.
In 1600 the woollen trades, along with the leather trades, were dominant in Hungerford, but by 1800 the economy had become more broadly based. This shift can be traced through various
local records, but not until the first trade directories can we gain a real impression of the different trades and occupations. The 1851 census shows that over 50% of the population were employed on the land.
To give a flavour of the changing emphasis of occupations, we reproduced below are occupations from five periods:
- Elizabethan (from Parish Registers),
- Seventeenth Century (1600-1699)
- 1680-1800 (from Wills),
- 1796 (Berkshire Directory) and
- 1851 (Census):
From 'Elizabethan Hungerford' (occupations noted in Parish Registers)
Food and Drink Trades:
Butcher 7. Innholder 2, Baker 1, Brewer 1, Cook 1, Fishmonger 1, Miller 1.
Cloth Trades:
Weaver 16, Tailor 9. Clothier 3, Shearman 3, Clothworker 2, Dyer 1. Feltmaker 1, Fuller 1.
Leather Trades:
Shoemaker 9. Glover 5. Tanner 2. Cobbler 1, Currier 1.
Building Trades:
Mason 2, Carpenter 1. Cooper 1, Joiner 1, Plumber 1. Turner 1. Wheeler 1.
Metal Trades:
Cutler 1, Smith 1.
Other:
Barber 1, Draper 1. Farrier 1, Hatter 1, Sawyer 1. Shepherd 1.
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See also:
Trades in 17th century Hungerford
1680-1800 (from Wills)
Butcher, Currier, Taylor, Brazier, Carpenter (2), Tanner, Blacksmith, Glazier, Victualler, Wheelwright, Mercer, Tanner, Mason,
Saddler, Blacksmith, Vintner, Painter, Malster, Fellmonger (2), Mercer, Clothworker (2), Weaver, Taylor, Mercer, Carpenter
Collarman, Baker, Thatcher, Collarmaker, Basketmaker, Butcher, Innholder, Grocer, Thatcher
Innholder (2), Saddler, Schoolmaster, Joiner, Tanner, Glover, Maltster, Victualler, Wheelwright, Hatter
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Inhabitants of Hungerford and their trades, 1795:
A transcribed list of the inhabitants and many of their occupations and trades,
transcribed by Eileen Bunt. See Inhabitants of Hungerford and their trades, 1795.
From "Berkshire Directory 1796":
Physicians & Law:
Cundell, Joseph - Surgeon
Duke, Edward - Surgeon
Lucas, William - Apothecary
Smith, Matthew Loder - Surgeon
Deadman, John - Attorney
Munday, Seymour -
Attorney
Trades:
Andrews, Joseph - Master of the Free Grammar School
Bird, Joseph - Farmer
Bird, Elizabeth -
Baker
Bear, Deborah - Innkeeper (Three Swans)
Bear, Francis - Shoemaker
Bance, Matthew - Silversmith and Watchmaker
Bannister, John - Collarmaker
Brown, John - Gardeneer and Shopkeeper
Burch, Moses - Ironmonger
Burton, Samuel - Blacksmith
Blake, Henry - Innkeeper
Barnes, Hannah - Schoolmistress
Clements, William - Shopkeeper
Coxhead, John - Baker
Coxhead, John - Shopkeeper
Coxhead, Elizabeth - Milliner
Coxhead, William - Shopkeeper
Coxhead, John - Bricklayer
Cadman, William - Shoemaker
Church, George - Maltster
Church, George - Brazier & Florist
Chesterman, George - Victualler (The Swan)
Dismore, Edward - Carpenter & Wheelwright
Dismore, James - Carpenter & Wheelwright
Dismore, Mary - Mantuamaker
Duke, Jane -
Schoolmistress
Dubber, Charles - Shoemaker
Dubber, William - Shoemaker
Edmonds, Thomas - Leather Breeches Maker
Faulkner, Joseph - Broker & Auctioneer
Franklin, John - Butcher
Franklin, Francis
- Gardener
Pardon, Jonathan - Gingerbread Maker
Fowler, William - Horse Dealer
Gibbs, Richard - Broker
Gibbs, Thomas - Hairdresser
Gibbs, Charles - Glazier
Hawksworth, Thomas - Grocer &
Hatter
Hidden, Richard - Shoemaker
Hidden, John - Buttonmaker
Hillier, Elizabeth - Miller
Heath, Elizabeth - Innkeeper (White Hart)
Johnson, William - Tailor
Kimber, John - Victualler (The Crown)
Lydiard, Matthew - Maltster
Lye, Robert - Tailor
Laye, John -
Blacksmith
Marchmont, S - Leather Breeches Maker
Miller, Matthew - Shopkeeper
Miller, William - Schoolmaster
Mitchell, Henry - Cooper
Mitchell, John - Peruke Maker (wig)
Peofly, Thomas -
Victualler
Pocock, Anne - Broker
Pocock, John - Carpenter & Joiner
Pocock, Edward - Carpenter & Joiner
Petit, John - Breeches Maker
Pike, Mary - Victualler
Pike, Thomas - Peruke Maker (wig)
Pike, William - Carpenter
Powditch, Mary - Postmistress
Robinson, Thomas - Mercer & Draper
Reed, Jonathan - Saddler
Smith, William - Farmer
Smith, James - Staymaker
Smith, James - Tailor
Smith, Robert - Plumber, Glazier & Painter
Snook, James - Staymaker
Sawyer, John - Florist & Basket Maker
Simonds, John - Maltster
Shepherd, Richard - Carpenter & Clerk of the Parish
Tolmage, Wm - Cooper
Toe, John - Carrier
Toe, James - Workhouse Keeper
Viner, Thomas - Hopmerchant, Seedsman, & Chinaman
Wheeler, Mary - Boarding School
Webb, Harriet - Milliner
Webb, Noah - Farmer
Watson, Thomas - Victualler (The Bell)
Watts, William - Corn Chandler
Watts, Thomas - Tailor
Woodham, Benjamin - Pattenmaker
Woodham, James - Watchmaker
Whale, Elizabeth - Victualler (Black Bear Inn)
Whale, Ann -
Clearstarcher
Warner, John - Blacksmith
Westall, Edward - Tanner
Westall, Mary - Shopkeeper
1851 Census:
The 1851 Census (links to copies and transcripts below) is the earliest to give
detailed information on trades and occupations, both of men and women. These data apply to the Hungerford Census district (including Kintbury and Lambourne):
For men, the commonest occupations
were:
- Agricultural Labourer ........................................... 2600 (48.2% of all males aged 20 yrs+)
- Farmer ................................................................. 256
-
Labourer ............................................................. 213
- Carpenter, joiner ................................................ 165
- Shoemaker
.......................................................... 148
- Farm servant (in-door) ........................................ 140
- Bricklayer
............................................................. 95
- Blacksmith ........................................................... 95
- Woodman
............................................................ 91
- Shepherd ............................................................ 78
- Gardener
............................................................. 68
- Domestic Servant (general) ................................. 62
- Tailor
.................................................................. 54
- Miller .................................................................... 52
-
Grocer .................................................................. 48
- Pauper of no stated occupation ........................... 44
- Farmer, grazier's son,
g-ndson, brother, nephew 40
- Sawyer ................................................................ 40
- Baker
.................................................................. 37
- Chelsea Pensioner .............................................. 36
- Groom,
horsekeeper, jockey ............................... 36
- Innkeeper ........................................................... 35
- Clergyman
........................................................... 34
- Butcher ................................................................
31
There are also records of Brickmaker, Maltster, Draper, Gamekeeper, Carman & Carrier, Saddler, Wheelwright, Licensed Victualler, Schoolmaster, Basket-maker, Boat and Bargeman, Shopkeeper, Tanner,
Cooper, Post office, Police, Surgeon, Thatcher, Brewer,, Coal merchant,Watchmaker, Coachmaker, Mason or Pavier, Coachman, Chairmaker, Drover, Fellmonger,Glover, Cabinet maker, Turner, Whitesmith, Ropemaker, as well
as one "Lunatic of no stated occupation".
For women, the commonest occupations were:
- Wife (of no specified occupation) ........................ 2438 (45.2% of all females aged 20 yrs+)
-
Agricultural Laboure r........................................... 621
- Daughter, grand-daughter, sister, niece ............. 334
- Widow (of no specified occupation) ..................... 266
- Domestic
Servant (General) ................................. 201
- Farmer's, Grazier's Wife ....................................... 154
- Farm Servant (in-door) ......................................... 134
-
Milliner .................................................................. 97
- Washerwoman, Mangier, Laundry-keeper ........... 86
- Farmer's, Grazier's Dtr, grand-dtr, sister, niece
... 86
- Annuitant ............................................................. 82
- Shoemaker's wife ................................................. 79
- Other Worker
in Flax, Cotton ............................... 61
- Seamstress .......................................................... 48
- Person of no stated occupation living on alms .....
47
- Charwoman .......................................................... 45
- Persons of no stated occupations or conditions ... 45
- Pauper of no stated occupation ...........................
44
- Schoolmistress ..................................................... 42
- Domestic Servant (Housekeeper) ........................ 40
- Dependent on Relatives
....................................... 32
- Domestic Servant (Housemaid) ............................. 31
- Domestic Servant (Cook) ...................................... 30
There are
also records of Nurse (27), Straw Hat & Bonnet Maker, Shoemaker, Midwife, Furrier, Baker, Staymaker, Button maker, Brush & Broom maker, Confectioner, and even one Blacksmith!
See also:
- Elizabethan Hungerford
- Trades in 17th Century Hungerford
- Trade Directories
- Constables Accounts
- Probate Inventories
- Population and Censuses
- People
- 1841 Census for High Street Hungerford (East and West), listing Heads of
Households
(but omitting the many "Agricultural labourers"!):
- 1851 Census - Occupation of the People (photocopy of Hungerford and other towns)
- 1851 Census - Occupation of the People - All Males (Transcription)
- 1851 Census - Occupation of the People - Males (Transcription, sorted by frequency)
- 1851 Census - Occupation of the People - All Females (Transcription)
- 1851 Census - Occupation of the People - Females (Transcription, sorted by frequency)
Updated: 10.4.2011
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